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OBLIQUE /ROKE & FRAC;N L9E #CG #E4 BRACKETS -------------------- #CH #F4 9DICES ---------------------- #CI #G4 SPECIAL FUNC;NS & O!R ^WS & A2REVI,NS --------------------- #EA #H4 DELIMIT+ ! >GU;T (A FUNC;N -- #EE #I4 COORD9ATES & SETS ----------- #EG #AJ4 MATRICES1 DET]M9ANTS & O!R >RAYS ------------------------- #FJ #AA4 "W$ CALCUL,NS2 LOGICAL 3T5TS #C PAGE FIGURES ----------------------- #FE #AB4 MISCELLANE\S NOT,N --------- #FI #AC4 LAY\T ( MA!MATICAL TEXT ---- #GC #AD4 UNITS ---------------------- #GF #AE4 ALPHABETS US$ 9 MA!MATICS -- #IJ 9DEX ------------------------ #IA 333333333333 #D MEMB]S (! MA!MATICS -MITTEE #AIHG A4 W4 *ATT]S 7*AIRMAN71 BRI/OL UNIV]S;Y J4 A4 ALLNUT1 C5TRAL ELECTRIC;Y RESE>* LABORATORY T4 K4 DEVONALD1 ROYAL N,NAL COLLEGE =! BL J4 FULLWOOD1 M>CONI SY/EMS T4 D4 MALEY1 BRL H\SE1 ;RNIB MISS D4 M4 NI*OLL1 BRL H\SE1 ;RNIB S4 J4 PHIPP51 BRL H\SE1 ;RNIB W4 B4 L4 POOLE1 *AIRMAN BRL AU?OR;Y (! UNIT$ K+DOM MISS J4 %ORT1 *ORLEYWOOD COLLEGE D4 SPYBEY1 WORCE/] COLLEGE P4 J4 TALBOT1 PR9CIPAL1 QUE5 ALEX&RA COLLEGE 333333333333 MEMB]S (! JO9T TE*NICAL -MITTEE #BJJE D4 BOD51 BRL -PUT] ASSOCI,N (! BL N4 BR[N1 NEW COLLEGE WORCE/] MEMB]S (! TE*NICAL -MITTEE #E S4 A4 CLAMP1 VISUAL IMPAIR;T & SPECIAL NE$S ADVICE 7VISPA7 S4 J4 PHIPP51 ;RNIB1 PET]BOR\< W4 B4 L4 POOLE1 *AIRMAN BRL AU?OR;Y (! UNIT$ K+DOM D4 SPYBEY1 NEW COLLEGE WORCE/] P4 S\?ALL1 DORTON H\SE S*OOL C4 /"OH\SE1 NEW COLLEGE WORCE/] P4 TOOZE1 PIA M4 E4 T[NS5D1 TOR* TRU/ =! BL R4 WE/1 BRL -PUT] ASSOCI,N (! BL 333333333333 #F 9TRODUC;N 6#AIHG $I;N ? $I;N (! BRL MA!MATICS NOT,N HAS BE5 PREP>$ 0! MA!MATICS -MITTEE (! BRL AU?OR;Y (! UNIT$ K+DOM4 X >OSE F ! NE$ 6EXT5D & AM5D ! #AIHJ $I;N1 & ? AL SEEM$ 6BE A GD O3A.N 6REWRITE ! CODE BOOK 9 A M 3V5I5T =M4 X %D 2 EMPHASIZ$ T NO *ANGES H BE5 MADE 9 S* BASIC NOT,NS Z ^? = A4I;N1 SUBTRAC;N1 MULTIPLIC,N1 DIVI.N1 BRACKETS1 EQUAL;Y1 UNIONS1 9T]SEC;NS1 9EQUALITIES & S ON4 TWO (! MO/ IMPORTANT *ANGES MADE 9 ? $I;N >E 3C]N$ ) UNIT A2REVI,NS &) LR F.T 3V5;NS4 ! A2REVI,NS = S* UNITS Z 8METRE01 8SECOND0 & 8GRAM0 W N[ FOLL[ ! NUMB] ( UNITS R ?AN PREC$E X1 S T BRL W FOLL[ ! /&>D PR9T 3V5;N4 ! RULES AB F.T 9DICATORS H BE5 *ANG$ S T LRS W N[ 2 ASSUM$ 6BE SMALL LAT9 UN.S %[N O!RWISE4 ANO!R IMPORTANT *ANGE IS ! EXT5.N (! USE (! $ SIGN 6CODE ANY SORT ( SPECIAL FUNC;N1 E4G4 LIM1 EXP1 9TRODUC;N 6#AIHG $I;N #G DET1 ETC41 Z WELL Z ! TRIGONOMETRIC & HYP]BOLIC FUNC;NS4 AT ! SAME "T "S (! OLD ^W A2REVI,NS S* Z $R = 8RECTANGLE01 H BE5 DELET$4 A FEW ALT],NS H BE5 MADE 9 ORD] 6SIMPLIFY ! RULES & 9CR1SE 3CEPTUAL CL>;Y4 = EXAMPLE1 ! NUM]ATOR (A FRAC;N W ALW 2 %[N EV5 :5 X IS #A,1 S T "O-HALF W N[ 2 WRITT5 #A2 R ?AN #2,4 SIMIL>LY ! EXPON5T #B W ALW 2 %[N1 S T ;X-SQU>$ W 2 WRITT5 ;X+2 R ?AN ;X+,4 X W NO L;G] 2 NEC 6DECIDE :E!R AN UPP] SYMBOL 9 PR9T %D 2 TR1T$ Z A SUP]SCRIPT OR Z AN EXPON5T2 ! SAME SUP]SCRIPT SIGN + W N[ S]VE 9 BO? CASES4 ! SPECIAL ME?OD = D1L+ ) LIMITS ( 9TEGRALS HAS BE5 DELET$4 "S NEW SYMBOLS H BE5 A4$ 6! CODE 6D1L ) C]TA9 PR9T SYMBOLS : 7 N CAT]$ = 2F4 "! 0 A /R;G FEEL+ 9 ! -MITTEE T ! "T _H -E 6REWRITE & RE/RUCTURE ! CODE BOOK4 ! TWO "P /RUCTURE (! OLD CODE HAS BE5 AB&ON$1 & X IS HOP$ T ! WAY ! NEW $I;N IS ORGANIZ$ W MAKE X M* EASI] 9TRODUC;N 6#BJJE $I;N #H 6USE4 I WD L 6?ANK ALL ! MEMB]S (! -MITTEE = 2+ S G5]\S ) _! "T & EXP]TISE &= MAK+ \R 4CUS.NS LIVELY B GD HUM\R$4 I AM SURE T ALL ! O!R MEMB]S W JO9 ME 9 EXPRESS+ \R APPRECI,N (! "W D"O 0! BRL H\SE /AFF 9 PRODUC+ ALL ! DOCU;TS S E6ICI5TLY 9 BO? BRL & PR9T4 A4 W4 *ATT]S BRI/OL1 NOVEMB] #AIHF4 333333333333 9TRODUC;N 6#BJJE $I;N ! CURR5T $I;N ( .BRL .MA!MATICS .NOT,N 3TA9S "S M9OR AM5D;TS 6! #AIHG $I;N PROMPT$ 0! PUBLIC,N (! #BJJD $I;N ( .BRITI% .BRL4 ! MA9 ISSUES RELATE 6! NEW RULES ON CAPITAL 9DICATORS4 = 3=M;Y ) .BRITI% .BRL ! 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TA#1 SIGNS >E PREC$$ 0! FULL CELL = 6MAKE ! POSI;N (! DOTS CLE>3 X %D N 2 R1D Z 2+ "P (! SIGN47' =I3 LEFT HALF >R[ =L P.D /]L+ =O GRT] ?AN =O "R BRACE BRACKET =OO M* GRT] ?AN =O[ GRT] ?AN OR LESS ?AN =O3O "R >R[ ) H1DS AT FRONT & RE> =O7 GRT] ?AN OR EQUAL TO =O_7 GRT] ?AN SIGN ) SWUNG DA% 2N 7GRT] ?AN OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO7 TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AA == MATRIX BRACKET == 9F9;Y === 5D ( PRO( =( LEFT SQU>E BRACKET =! 9TEGRAL =) "R SQU>E BRACKET =* SUBSCRIPT SIGN =< LEFT R.D BRACKET =% ROOT =: SUP]SCRIPT B> =$ 8^W0 9DICATOR =$C COS =$D TRIANGLE SYMBOL =$G GRAD 7GRADI5T7 =$HC CO% =$HS S9H =$HT TANH =$H< COSE* =$H\ CO? =$H- SE* =$L LOG =$Q SQU>E SYMBOL1 VECTOR OR WAVE OP]ATOR TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AB =$S S9 =$T TAN =$< COSEC =$% CURL OR ROT =$? DIV 7DIV]G;E7 =$\ COT =$3 CIRCLE SYMBOL =$8C $HC+;-1,1 >CCO% =$8S $HS+;-1,1 >CS9H =$8T $HT+;-1,1 >CTANH =$8< $H<+;-1,1 >CCOSE* =$8\ $H\+;-1,1 >CCO? =$8- $H-+;-1,1 >CSE* =$- SEC =$@C $C+;-1,1 >CCOS =$@L $L+;-1,1 ANTILOG =$@S $S+;-1,1 >CS9 =$@T $T+;-1,1 >CTAN =$@< $<+;-1,1 >CCOSEC =$@\ $\+;-1,1 >CCOT =$@- $-+;-1,1 >CSEC =$^L COLOG =] 9DEX T]M9,N SIGN =\ MATRIX L9E 9DICATOR TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AC =\O 3TA9S =\O7 3TA9S OR EQUAL TO =\U REV]SE \+ =\U7 REV]SE \+7 =\= />1 SMALL CIRCLE1 ETC4 7OP],N SIGN7 =\) REV]SE \9 =\* BACKW>D OBLIQUE /ROKE 7SET DI6];E7 =\[ 3TA9$ 9 =\[3 D\# %AFT LEFT >R[ =\[3O D\# %AFT LEFT_/"R >R[ =\[7 3TA9$ 9 OR EQUAL TO =\1 9V]T$ ;,A,3 = ALL =\3O D\# %AFT "R >R[ =\5 REV]SE ;,E,3 "! EXI/S =\6 UNION =\7 />1 SMALL CIRCLE1 ETC4 7SECOND OP],N SIGN7 =\8 9T]SEC;N =\9 IS AN ELE;T ( =\0 CROSS$ Z]O3 EMPTY SET =\+ IS NORMAL SUBGR\P ( =\+7 IS NORMAL SUBGR\P ( OR EQUAL TO TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AD =\- N =[ LESS ?AN =[ LEFT BRACE BRACKET =[[ M* LESS ?AN =[[3 D\# H1D$ LEFT >R[ =[3 LEFT >R[ =[3O LEFT_/"R >R[ =[3[ LEFT >R[ ) H1DS AT FRONT & RE> =[33 L;G %AFT LEFT >R[ =[7 LESS ?AN OR EQUAL TO =[_7 LESS ?AN SIGN ) SWUNG DA% 2N 7LESS ?AN OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO7 =1 DECIMAL PO9T =3E "R HALF >R[ =3I UPW>D >R[ =3L REV]SE _3 =3O "R >R[ =3OO D\# H1D$ "R >R[ =3P P]C5T SIGN =33O L;G %AFT "R >R[ =35 D[NW>D >R[ =37 V>IES Z1 PROPOR;NAL TO =39 "R HALF >R[ TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AE =4 DOLL> SIGN =53E "R HALF OR FULL >R[ ) LEFT HALF OR FULL >R[ 2N =53EE L;G "R HALF OR FULL >R[ ) %ORT LEFT HALF OR FULL >R[ 2N =553E %ORT "R HALF OR FULL >R[ ) L;G LEFT HALF OR FULL >R[ 2N =77 EQUIVAL5T TO =0 DEGREE SIGN3 SMALL SUP]SCRIPT CIRCLE =/5 3T9U$ FRAC;N SIGN =+ SUP]SCRIPT SIGN =# NUM]AL SIGN =#' P]P5DICUL> SYMBOL => "R R.D BRACKET =' -MA OR SPACE M>K+ ?\S&S1 ETC4 =' UNIT SEP>,N SIGN =' DI6]5TI,N DOT =- D\# DI6]5TI,N DOTS =- RADIAN SIGN3 SUP]SCRIPT ;C =-' TRIPLE DI6]5TI,N DOTS =@ SMALL BOLD LAT9 LR SIGN =@ 9DEX SEP>,N SIGN =@C C5T TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AF =@D CURLY ;D,1 "PIAL D]IVATIVE ;D =@E EURO =@& AMP]S& 7&7 =@! CLOS$ L9E 9TEGRAL =@* BOTTOM 9DEX SIGN =@? ACTU>IAL SYMBOL 7YE>S73 TOP & "R-H& SIDES ( SQU>E 5CLOS+ PREC$+ T]M =@: SUP]SCRIPT HAT =@4 SUP]SCRIPT DA7] =@5 SUP]SCRIPT /> =@9 SUP]SCRIPT DA% 7PRIME7 =@/ S9CE =@+ TOP 9DEX SIGN =@> 9V]T$ SUP]SCRIPT HAT =@" SMALL LR SIGN =@; SMALL LR SIGN =^ CAPITAL BOLD LAT9 LR SIGN =^ B> OV] 7FOLL[+7 NEGATIVE NUMB] =^A @ANG/R@OM SYMBOL 7CAPITAL ;A ) SMALL CIRCLE ABV7 =^: TILDE 7SUP]SCRIPT SWUNG DA%7 =^3O "R >R[ ) V]TICAL B> ON %AFT =^6 ;V %AP$ SYMBOL 7OR1 JO97 TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AG =^7 9V]T$ ;V %AP$ SYMBOL ) HORIZONTAL B> ABV 7IS PROJECTIVE )7 =^8 9V]T$ ;V %AP$ SYMBOL 7&1 MEET1 VECTOR PRODUCT7 =^" CAPITAL LR SIGN =^, CAPITAL LR SIGN =_ V]TICAL B> 7MODULUS1 DET]M9ANT1 S* T1 DIVIDES1 RE/RICT$ TO1 EVALUAT$ AT1 ETC47 =_ SECONDS 7ANGLE7 OR 9*ES UNIT SYMBOL 7SUP]SCRIPT D\# DA%7 =_ CAPITAL GREEK LR SIGN =_V 9V]T$ CAPITAL .P 7COPRODUCT7 =_[ ANGLE SYMBOL =_1 IS A !OREM3 ;T %AP$ SYMBOL ON XS SIDE =_3 IS VALID3 ;T %AP$ SYMBOL ON XS SIDE ) TWO HORIZONTAL L9ES =_7 APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO3 D\# SWUNG DA%1 HORIZONTAL L9E ) 8HUMP$0 L9E ABV1 EQUALS SIGN ) DOTS ABV & 2L =_8 HA% TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AH =_0 NABLA1 DEL3 9V]T$ _D =_/ OBLIQUE /ROKE1 FRAC;N L9E SIGN =__ D\# V]TICAL B>S 7E4G4 NORM1 MATRIX BRACKETS1 P>ALLEL SYMBOL7 =" RECURR+ DECIMAL SIGN =" MA!MATICAL HYPH5 =" DI6]5TIAL OP]ATOR SEP>,N SIGN =" CROSS$ SYMBOL SIGN ="L REV]SE _1 ="- SWUNG DA% 7DA% ) ALT]NATE CURVES7 ="-7 EQUALS SYMBOL ) SWUNG DA% ABV =. M9UTES 7ANGLE7 OR FEET UNIT SYMBOL 7SUP]SCRIPT DA%7 =. SMALL GREEK LR SIGN =.( LEFT ANGLE BRACKET =.) "R ANGLE BRACKET =.[3 SUP]SCRIPT OR SUBSCRIPT LEFT >R[ 9DICAT+ VECTOR 7E4G4 ,,AB.[3,7 =.3O SUP]SCRIPT OR SUBSCRIPT "R >R[ 9DICAT+ VECTOR 7E4G4 ,,AB.3O,7 =.7 HORIZONTAL L9E ) SWUNG DA% ABV =.' PO9T NOT,N ( "PIAL CORREL,N OR REGRES.N1 9 /ATI/ICS =; SMALL LAT9 LR SIGN TA# ( BRL MA!MATICAL SIGNS #AI =;4 DIVID$ BY =;6 PLUS =;6- PLUS OR M9US =;7 EQUALS =;8 MULTIPLI$ BY1 CROSS SYMBOL =;' DOT 7MULTIPLIC,N DOT1 & 7IN LOGIC77 =;- M9US =;-6 M9US OR PLUS =;@ SMALL LR SIGN =;" SMALL LR SIGN =;;7 IS DEF9$ Z3 EQUALS SIGN ) TRIANGLE ABV OR SUBSCRIPT 8DEF01 ETC4 =, CAPITAL LAT9 LR SIGN =, SEP>,N SIGN =,* "!=E =,6 EXCLAM,N M>K3 FACTORIAL =,^ CAPITAL LR SIGN =,_ D\# CAPITAL GREEK LR SIGN =," CAPITAL LR SIGN 111111111111 MODIFIC,N ( SIGNS #BJ MODIFIC,N ( SIGNS 7;A7 :5 X IS REQUIR$ 6%[ T A NON- ALPHABETIC SYMBOL IS PR9T$ 9 BOLD OR L>GE TYPE Z 4T9CT F ! USUAL PR9T SIGN1 A DOT #D IS 9S]T$ AF ! 9ITIAL CELL ( -P.D SIGNS : 2G9 )! \ SIGN1 DOTS #EF OR DOTS #DE4 EX#A4 \@6 \@8 ;@8 ^@8 ? 9DIC,N IS N MADE :5 X IS J A /YLE ( PR9T+ &( NO MA!MATICAL SIGNIFIC.E4 X IS N USU,Y %[N = BOLD _0 OR $Q SIGNS 9 BRL4 7;B7 A SYMBOL 3SI/+ (A /RUCK \ LR OR SIGN IS COD$ 09S]T+ A DOT #E3 ? FOLL[S ! \ SIGN = SIGNS PREFIX$ BY \,1 REPLACES ! DOTS #EF = SIGNS PREFIX$ 0DOTS #EF1 & PREC$ES ALL O!R SIGNS 7I4E4 PREC$ES A LR F.T SIGN IF PRES5T74 IF A DOT #E IS ALR PRES5T AT ? PO9T1 X M/ 2 RETA9$4 EX#B4 ",R "[7 "3O @ "7#J ,A"X,B "A 77A*.M].G+.M 7FEYNMANN 8SLA%07 MODIFIC,N ( SIGNS #BA ANALOG\SLY1 8GRT] ?AN B N EQUAL TO0 IS COD$ Z O"7 & 83TA9S B N EQUAL TO0 Z \O"7,4 7;C7 SYMBOLS PR9T$ 9 A CIRCLE OR A SQU>E MAY 2 COD$ 0PLAC+ ! SIGN 9 R.D OR SQU>E BRACKETS RESPECTIVELY1 )! -P.D SIGN OBEY+ ! USUAL RULES =! 5CLOS$ SIGN4 EX#C4 X <;8>Y A <;6>B 333333333333 #BB BRL MA!MATICS NOT,N #A4 G5]AL REM>KS #A1A4 SET \ MA!MATICAL EXPRES.NS >E G5],Y BRLD 2G9N+ 9 CELL #E ) RUNOV]S 9 CELL #G1 :AT"E ! SETT+ 9 PR9T4 7SEE S'#AC = FUR!R DETAILS 3C]N+ LAY\T ( MA!MATICAL TEXT47 #A1B4 DOT #F PREC$ES ANY PUNCTU,N SIGN EXCEPT A HYPH5 OR DA%1 US$ )9 OR IMMLY FOLL[+ A MA!MATICAL EXPRES.N4 7SEE = EXAMPLE S'#C1D1 #F1B & #I1A1A1 B NOTE ! EXAMPLES 9 S'#G1 & S'#AD1I = UNIT A2REVI,NS47 #A1C4 DOT #E IS US$ Z A MA!MATICAL HYPH5 :5 X IS NEC 6DIVIDE A MA!MATICAL EXPRES.N AT ! 5D (A BRL L9E1 :E!R OR N A DIVI.N IS MADE AT T PO9T 9 ! PR9T4 ! FOLL[+ RULES = DIVID+ MA!MATICAL EXPRES.NS %D 2 OBS]V$3 7;A7 D N SEP>ATE LRS F _! LR SIGNS OR NUMB]S F _! NUM]AL SIGNS4 7;B7 D N DIVIDE AN EXPRES.N S Z 6SEP>ATE 9DICES OR DA%ES1 />S1 HATS1 #A1D4 G5]AL REM>KS #BC ETC4 F _! T]MS1 OR FUNC;NS F _! >GU;TS 7UN.S ! FUNC;N IS UNUSU,Y L;G74 7;C7 D N DIVIDE IMMLY .AF A SIGN : IS NORM,Y SPAC$ 2F B N AF 7E4G4 ;6,1 ;7,1 77,1 [7,1 \[,1 "-,1 3O,1 ETC4 7SEE S'#C1B772 OR AF ! SIGNS ;' 7MULTIPLIC,N DOT71 _/ 7OBLIQUE /ROKE71 OR AN OP5+ BRACKET4 7;D7 D N DIVIDE IMMLY .2F A ] SIGN1 OR 2F A CLOS+ BRACKET4 7;E7 D N DIVIDE AN EXPRES.N AT A PO9T ": A SPACE IS SPECI,Y OMITT$ 6UNITE X 7E4G4 9 9DICES 7S'#F1E7 OR COORD9ATES 7S'#I1A1B774 X IS G5],Y N GD PRACTICE 6DIVIDE A %ORT EXPRES.N 7E4G4 ;X ;7#A,7 : CD 2 3V5I5TLY BRLD -PLETE ON A NEW L9E4 #A1D4 IF ! PR9T TEXT 3TA9S SYMBOLS : >E N LI/$ OR O!RWISE COV]$ 9 ? CODE1 SPECIAL BRL SIGNS MAY 2 DEVIS$ 6REPRES5T !M1 OR ELSE ! M1N+ ( EXI/+ SIGNS MAY 2 *ANG$ =! PURPOSE4 ANY S* NON-/&>D NOT,N %D 2 /AT$ 2FH& 7E4G4 AT ! 2G9N+ (! "W 9 : X APPE>S1 OR AT #B1A1C4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #BD ! PO9T ( USE74 7SEE 9 "PICUL> S'#B1B1D47 333333333333 #B4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #B1A4 ! NUM]AL SIGN # 9DICATES T IMMLY FOLL[+ LRS ;A-;J REPRES5T NUM]ALS "O-N9E & Z]O UNTIL ! SEQU;E IS 5D$ 0A SPACE1 A LR ;K-;Z,1 OR ANY O!R SIGN EXCEPT ^? GIV5 9 S'#B1A1A-#B1A1E 2L4 #B1A1A4 ! DECIMAL PO9T IS COD$ Z DOT #B4 EX#A4 #A1B #AB1CD #1EF #C1AD<#AEI> #B1A1B4 ! PR9T -MA OR SPACE SEP>AT+ GR\PS ( DIGITS S* Z ?\S&S OR ?\S&?S IS COD$ Z DOT #C4 EX#B4 #A'JJJ'JJJ #A1JJJ'JEJ #B1A1C4 RECURR+ DECIMALS >E COD$ 09S]T+ A DOT #E 2F ! RECURR+ SEQU;E1 T SEQU;E 2+ 9DICAT$ 9 PR9T 0DOTS PLAC$ ABV XS F/ & LA/ DIGITS 7OR XS S+LE DIGIT74 EX#C4 #C1"ADBHEG #B1JJI"F #B1A1H4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #BE #B1A1D4 A B> 9DICAT+ A NEGATIVE 9TEG] "P (A NUMB] 7A NOT,N US$ = LOG>I?MS7 IS COD$ 09S]T+ ! DOTS #DE SIGN 2T ! NUM]AL SIGN &! NUMB]4 EX#D4 #^B1ACEG #B1A1E4 A NUMB] %D ONLY 2 DIVID$ 7US+ A MA!MATICAL HYPH51 DOT #E7 IF X IS TOO L;G =A :OLE L9E4 9 S* CASES ! =CE (! NUM]AL SIGN C>RIES OV] ! DOT #E & IS N REASS]T$ AT ! 2G9N+ (! NEW L9E4 EX#E4 #AJ'JJJ'JJJ'JJJ'JJJ'JJJ'" JJJ #B1A1F4 ! =CE (! NUM]AL SIGN DOES N C>RY OV] ! LIT]>Y HYPH5 -,4 EX#F4 MAY #A-#G #A1B-#B1C #B1A1G4 NUM]AL SIGNS MAY 2 OMITT$ ALT F TA#S OR "W$ CALCUL,NS 6SAVE SPACE OR 6ALL[ AN UNCLUTT]$ PRES5T,N3 9 S* CASES ADV.E NOTICE %D 2 GIV54 #B1A1H4 SIMPLE NUM]ICAL FRAC;NS >E COD$ 0/AT+ ! D5OM9ATOR Z A L[] NUMB] FOLL[+ ! NUM]ATOR 9 ! UPP] POSI;N4 EX#G4 #A2 #C4 IF EI ! NUM]ATOR OR D5OM9ATOR HAS A #B1B4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #BF -MA OR SPACE 9 ! PR9T 9DICAT+ ?\S&S1 ETC41 ! -MA MAY 2 OMITT$ 9 ! BRL4 ALT]NATIVELY1 IF ! -MA IS 6BE RETA9$1 AN OBLIQUE /ROKE _/ &A SECOND NUM]AL SIGN %D 2 9S]T$1 )! D5OM9ATOR WRITT5 9 ! UPP] POSI;N4 7? LATT] ME?OD RETA9+ ! OBLIQUE /ROKE MAY AL 2 US$ = FRAC;NS )\T SEP>AT+ DOT #C'S :5 X IS 3SID]$ DESIRA# 6EMPHASIZE ! FRAC;N L9E 7E4G4 9 CALCUL,NS747 EX#H4 #BC10000 OR #BC_/#AJ'JJJ #B1A1I4 9 MIX$ NUMB]S ! NUM]AL SIGN IS REP1T$ =! FRAC;NAL "P4 EX#I4 #B1C4 #B1B4 A LR F.T SIGN GIVES ! F.T (! IMMLY FOLL[+ LR ONLY4 ,7LR F.T SIGNS >E PREC$$ 0! FULL CELL = 9 ! FOLL[+ TA#37' #B1B1A4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #BG SMALL CAPITAL LAT9 '''''''''''''''''' =; =, GREEK ''''''''''''''''' =. =_ BOLD 7OR "UL9$7 LAT9 7SEE S'#B1B1E7 '''''' =@ =^ BOLD GREEK '''''''''''' =@. =^_ BOLD NUM]AL 7TWO K9DS R ?AN SMALL & CAPITAL7 =@# =^# O!R F.TS 7SEE S'#B1B1D7 =;" =," =@" =^" =;@ =,^ =@; =^, 111111111111 #B1B1A4 ! SMALL LAT9 LR SIGN DOTS #EF IS G5],Y OMITT$1 ALL LRS 2+ ASSUM$ 6BE SMALL LAT9 UN.S %[N O!RWISE4 X M/1 H["E1 2 /AT$ :5 ! LR 7;A7 /&S AL"O OR 2G9S A MA!MATICAL EXPRES.N 9 ORD9>Y TEXT2 7;B7 IS AN ;A-;J IMMLY FOLL[+ A NUMB] 7B N A L[] NUMB]1 E4G4 ! D5OM9ATOR (A SIMPLE FRAC;N71 EV5 AT ! 2G9N+ (A L9E2 7;C7 IMMLY FOLL[S A SEQU;E ( LRS #B1B1B4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #BH BRLD )A D\# LR F.T SIGN 7S'#B1B1B72 7;D7 IMMLY FOLL[S A V]TICAL B> 7DOTS #DEF72 7;E7 IS AN ;O )9 BRACE BRACKETS2 7;F7 IS AN ;A IMMLY AF AN OP5+ SQU>E BRACKET 9 ORD9>Y TEXT2 7;G7 IS ! F/ LR (A SMALL ROMAN NUM]AL1 OR A CAPITAL ROMAN NUM]AL COD$ Z S* 7S'#B1C72 7;H7 IMMLY FOLL[S A $ PREFIX$ FUNC;N OR EXPRES.N 7SEE S'#G1A74 7SEE S'#AD1B = UNIT A2REVI,NS47 EX#AJ4 X ,F ;7Y #E;C #C4C .P #B.PR ^A@X [X_;X O NO [A E I ;O UO .(P_,H_;R.) ! 9T]VAL (;A B) EX#AA4 A LA4] ( L5G? #BL,1 WID? ;W & MASS #C;F MAKES AN ANGLE .? )A WALL1 & AN ANGLE #B.? )! GR.D4 #B1B1B4 ! DOTS #EF SIGN IS AL US$ 2F A S+LE CAPITAL LAT9 LR1 POSSIBLY #B1B1C4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #BI FOLL[$ 0A SIMPLE NUM]ICAL SUBSCRIPT1 :5 ! LR 7;A7 /&S AL"O )9 ORD9>Y TEXT2 7;B7 2G9S A MA!MATICAL EXPRES.N 9 ORD9>Y TEXT & IS FOLL[$ 0A SPACE4 EX#AB4 9 ! EQU,N ;,A ;7#B.P,R ;6,S ! TOTAL >EA IS ;,A,1 & ;,R IS ! RADIUS (! BASE4 LET ;,X1 EQUAL ,ABC 7NOTE T 9 A3ORD.E )! ABV1 A CAPITAL LAT9 LR ACT+ Z A LABEL 9 A MA!MATICAL DIAGRAM & N ADJAC5T 6ORD9>Y ^WS DOES N REQUIRE A LR SIGN47 #B1B1C4 IF TWO OR M LRS (! SAME F.T O!R ?AN SMALL LAT9 7OR ROMAN NUMB]S TR1T$ Z S* 7S'#B1C77 O3UR 9 SEQU;E1 !Y >E PREC$$ 0! APPROPRIATE D\# LR F.T SIGN : HAS =CE UNTIL ! SEQU;E IS 5D$ 0A SPACE OR ANY O!R SIGN EXCEPT A DA%1 />1 OR NUM]ICAL SUBSCRIPT4 6AVOID MISR1D+ 7Z B>71 ! GREEK LR .: 7ETA7 7SMALL OR CAPITAL7 %D ALW 2 PREC$$ 0! S+LE LR F.T SIGN1 & "!=E T]M9ATES A D\# GREEK LR F.T SIGN SEQU;E4 #B1B1E4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #CJ EX#AB4 ,,AB 9 TRIANGLE ,,ABC SIDES ,,AB & ,,AC >E EQUAL1 S ANGLES .? AT ;,B & .F AT ;,C >E AL EQUAL4 ..ABGDE ,,ABC;DE ,,,,, ,,ABCDEF" ,,GHIJ ,,B1B2B3@5B4 ..ABG_/..PRS ..ABG.: ..ABG: 7..ABG B>7 ..ABG.:..DSR EXCEP;N,Y ,_ 7DOTS #F#DEF7 IS US$ Z ! D\# CAPITAL GREEK LR F.T SIGN 64T+UI% X F D\# B>S4 EX#AD4 ,_GDPS __S_ 7MOD _S,7 ___SF__ 7NORM _SF,7 #B1B1D4 UNDESIGNAT$ LR F.T SIGNS >E US$ = O!R F.TS AC 6! "PICUL> REQUIRE;TS (! TEXT4 :5 !Y >E US$ _! M1N+ %D 2 /AT$4 IF ! F.T IS "PICUL>LY PR$OM9ANT & FREQU5T1 X MAY 9 "S CASES 2 ADVANTAGE\S 6ADOPT A S+LE CELL LR F.T SIGN =! PURPOSE1 6AVOID OV]-USE (A TWO CELL F.T SIGN4 S* NON-/&>D USE %D 2 EXPLA9$4 #B1B1E4 LRS PR9T$ OR WRITT5 ) AN "UL9E OR "U-TILDE US$ Z A F.T SIGN MAY #B1B1H4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #CA G5],Y 2 COD$ )! DOT #D OR DOTS #DE LR F.T SIGNS )\T FUR!R -;T1 UN.S BOLD LRS AL O3UR 9 ! TEXT1 OR IF ! "UL9E OR TILDE NE$S SPECIAL OR 9DIVIDUAL 9DIC,N4 DOT #D IS AL US$ 6%[ ! BOLD F.T ( O!R SIGNS 7SEE P>AGRAPH 7;A7 P#BJ71 & IS ! /&>D F.T SIGN US$ 69DICATE CURLY ;D 9 "PIAL D]IVATIVES1 ETC4 )\T FUR!R -;T4 EX#AE4 @DF_/@DX @D@A_/@DX #B1B1F4 A SPECIAL SCRIPT ;L IS "S"TS US$ 9 PR9T 64T+UI% ! LR F NUMB] #A,4 ? IS UNNEC 9 BRL3 CODE ! LR Z AN ORD9>Y LR ;L,4 #B1B1G4 CAPITAL GREEK SIGMA & PI 9DICAT+ SUMM,N & PRODUCT >E 3V5;N,Y NORM,Y COD$ Z _S & _P RESPECTIVELY1 :E!R OR N WRITT5 Z BOLD LRS 9 PR9T4 #B1B1H4 ALEPH &! SYMBOL D5OT+ ! WEI]/RASSIAN ELLIPTIC FUNC;N 7AN UNUSUAL LR .P,7 >E COD$ Z LRS ;A & ;P RESPECTIVELY ) SUITA# LR F.T SIGNS4 ? NOT,N %D 2 EXPLA9$ :5 F/ US$4 #B1C4 NUM]AL & LR SIGNS #CB #B1B1I4 ! 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REF];E %D 2 MADE 6.BRL .SCI;E .NOT,N4 H["E1 X IS POSSI# 6REPRES5T S* =MULAE UNAMBIGU\SLY US+ ! 3V5;NS ( MA!MATICS BRL4 9 S* CASES X IS ADVISA# 6AVOID US+ ! DOTS #EF SIGN 2T ! LRS (A TWO-LR ELE;T SYMBOL 09/1D US+ A DOT #F SIGN 2F ! F/ LR 9 ! SYMBOL4 EX#AG4 ,NA,,OH ,H,CL ,,H2O ,,CH3CH2,BR REF] AL 6.BRITI% .BRL #F1E1G ": EXAMPLES >E GIV5 ( S* =MULAE BRLD US+ LIT]>Y 3V5;NS ONLY1 9 : ! SUBSCRIPT SIGN IS RETA9$4 333333333333 #C4 ! SPAC+ ( BRL SIGNS #C1A4 ! FOLL[+ GIVES G5]AL RULES =! SPAC+ ( BRL SIGNS )9 A MA!MATICAL EXPRES.N4 SPACES >E1 H["E1 OMITT$ :5 ^! SIGNS >E US$ 9 9DICES OR #C1B1A4 ! SPAC+ ( BRL SIGNS #CD COORD9ATES1 ETC3 ^! CASES >E D1LT ) 9 ! "PICUL> SEC;NS 7SEE = EXAMPLE S'#F1 #I1 #AJ74 AN 9ITIAL SPACE IS AL OMITT$ :5 ! SIGN IMMLY FOLL[S AN OP5+ BRACKET1 & SIMIL>LY A FOLL[+ SPACE IS OMITT$ :5 ! SIGN IMMLY PREC$ES A CLOS+ BRACKET4 #C1B4 OP],N & REL,N SIGNS1 ETC4 PREFIX$ 0DOTS #EF1 DOTS #DE1 OR ! \ SIGN 7EXCEPT ;' & \0,72 ALL >R[S2 ! SIGNS [7 O7 77 _7 .7 "-7 [_7 O_7 37 "- __ 7P>ALLEL TO7 #',2 &! NEG,N ( ^! SIGNS1 >E SPAC$ 2F B N AF4 EX#A4 X ;6Y ;7Z N "7#J ,A "-,B X \9,X ,A \[,B \5X \1U \- <\1X><\5Y>.F ,X \)A ^3OB \9,Y #C1B1A4 ! SIGN \- = N MAY 2 IMMLY PREC$$ 0A SIGN : WD NORM,Y 2 UNSPAC$ AF 7E4G4 3O ;' ^6 @&,1 ETC474 9 S* #C1D4 ! SPAC+ ( BRL SIGNS #CE CASES \- %D 2 BRLD UNSPAC$4 ! SAME AL APPLIES 6! SIGNS "- ;6 ;- ETC42 H["E1 :5 TWO SIGNS 2G9N+ ) DOTS #EF O3UR 9 SU3ES.N1 ! DOTS #EF IS OMITT$ 2F ! SECOND SIGN4 7EXCEP;N,Y1 BRACKETS %D 2 US$ =! JUXTAPOSI;N ( PLUS & M9US SIGNS1 Z ;6- M1NS 8PLUS OR M9US01 ETC4 SEE S'#E1C47 EX#B4 P ^8\-Q 3O\-R P ^6"-P #A ;6<;-#B> A ;76#A X 3O;-#B $S;-X #C1B1B4 >R[S 2T ORD9>Y ^WS 7E4G4 \3O 8IMPLIES07 %D REMA9 SPAC$4 #C1C4 ! SIGNS O OO [ [[ O[ ,* @/ _1 _3 "L 3L ==,1 &! NEG,N ( ^! SIGNS >E SPAC$ ON BO? SIDES4 EX#C4 M O N P 3OQ ,* \-Q 3O\-P #C1D4 PUNCTU,N IS G5],Y SPAC$ AC 6PR9T1 ?\< X %D N USU,Y 2 LEFT SPAC$ BO? 2F & AF 9 BRL4 #C1E4 ! SPAC+ ( BRL SIGNS #CF EX#D4 F,3,X 3O,Y 7! COLON MAY 2 UNSPAC$ OR SPAC$ ON BO? SIDES 9 PR9T7 #F,3#C ;7#B X 3;7X ;6H (,G,3,H) 3.F.F,3 ,H0,3 .M O .M0 #C1E4 O!R SIGNS >E FREELY BRLD UNSPAC$1 SUBJECT 6SATISFY+ ! 3/RA9TS ON ADJAC5T SIGNS GIV5 0! ABV RULES 7S'#C1B-#C1D74 SEE1 H["E1 S'#G1B =! TR1T;T ( ADJAC5T ^W SEG;TS REPRES5T+ SPECIAL FUNC;NS1 ETC4 EX#E4 A;'B;'C X_/Y %X #B%X P@&Q ^6R #C,6N ,P<,E_,F> [X_;X O #EO .F_0+2.Y __;X__ #D1A4 ! OBLIQUE /ROKE #CG $L$S;X #BT$S.? 7REF] AL 6! V>I\S EXAMPLES "?\T ? CODE47 333333333333 #D4 ! OBLIQUE /ROKE & FRAC;N L9E #D1A4 ! SIGN _/ 7DOTS #DEF#CD7 IS US$ 9 BRL 6REPRES5T BO? ! OBLIQUE /ROKE &! HORIZONTAL FRAC;N L9E 9 PR9T 7EXCEPT ": X IS OMITT$ = SIMPLE NUM]ICAL FRAC;NS 7S'#B1A1H1 #B1A1I774 :5 X REPRES5TS ! HORIZONTAL FRAC;N L9E1 BRACKETS M/ 2 9S]T$ 9 BRL 9 ! FOLL[+ CASES3 7;A7 6UNITE ! NUM]ATOR OR ! D5OM9ATOR (A FRAC;N1 3SI/+ ( TWO OR M SPAC$ T]MS OR EXPRES.NS 9 BRL1 OR : IS XF A FRAC;N BRLD )! _/ SIGN4 EX#A4 _/C A_/ _/ A_/B ;6C_/D ;7_/BD _/#E #E4 BRACKETS #CH _/ 7IF ! NUM]ATOR OR D5OM9ATOR 3SI/S ONLY ( T]MS MULTIPLI$ TGR & N SEP>AT$ 0SPACES1 EXTRA BRACKETS >E N REQUIR$47 EX#B4 _/D XYZ_/ NM_/#A;'#B;'#C 7;B7 6SEP>ATE A FRAC;N BRLD ) AN OBLIQUE /ROKE F A FOLL[+ UNSPAC$ MULTIPLY+ T]M1 UN.S ! FRAC;N IS AN 9DEX & ?US T]M9AT$ 0A ] SIGN 7SEE S'#F1A74 EX#C4 C X.P_/#D #C4X <_/,XZ>X X+A_/B]Y 333333333333 #E4 BRACKETS RULES 3C]N+ BRACKETS O3UR 9 V>I\S SEC;NS (! CODE 7E4G4 S'#D ! OBLIQUE /ROKE & FRAC;N L9E2 S'#F 9DICES2 S'#I COORD9ATES & SETS2 S'#AJ MATRICES74 ! FOLL[+ %D AL 2 OBS]V$4 #F1A4 9DICES #CI #E1A4 ALL BRACKETS 9 ! PR9T %D 2 REPRES5T$ 0BRACKETS (! SAME TYPE 9 BRL4 #E1B4 MODULUS B>S S]VE Z BRACKETS4 EX#A4 _;A ;6B__/ #E1C4 BRACKETS %D 2 9S]T$ 65CLOSE A SIGN$ NUMB] OR T]M :5 PREC$$ 0A PLUS OR M9US SIGN4 EX#B4 #A ;6<;-#B> #E1D4 9S];N ( BRACKETS MAY 2 DESIRA# 9 ! BRL 6ADD CL>;Y1 EV5 :5 N SPECIFIC,Y REQUIR$ 0! RULES4 333333333333 #F4 9DICES #F1A4 ! SUP]SCRIPT SIGN + 9DICATES T ! EXPRES.N : FOLL[S IS PR9T$ 9 ! SUP]SCRIPT POSI;N4 UNSIGN$ OR NEGATIVE SIMPLE :OLE NUMB] SUP]SCRIPTS >E WRITT5 9 ! L[] "P (! CELL )\T A NUM]AL SIGN2 EXCEPT = ? CASE1 SUP]SCRIPT EXPRES.NS M/ 2 T]M9AT$ 0A ] SIGN IF N 0A SPACE OR A CLOS+ BRACKET 5CLOS+ ! :OLE T]M4 >R[S S* Z 3O 3I OR 35 IMMLY FOLL[+ ! SUP]SCRIPT SIGN %D 2 #F1B4 9DICES #DJ PREC$$ 0! DOT #D SEP>ATOR 6AVOID MISR1D+ (! DOTS #BE CELL4 EX#A4 #B+2 #B+;-3 #B+;6#C #C+#A1E X+2Y +2 ;7X+2 ;6Y+2 ;6#BXY X+N]Y X+NM]Y ^A+,T ,A+X_/Y],B C A+]D 7! BRACKETS >E PRES5T 9 PR9T7 X+2_/Y+3 X+P]_/Y+Q ;6A+P]_/B+Q D+2X_/DY+2 D+N]Y_/DT+N @D+2F_/@DX@DY A+@3E ,E+#' ^A+__ ,X 3O+F],Y #F1B4 ! SUBSCRIPT SIGN * 7DOTS #AF7 9DICATES T ! EXPRES.N : FOLL[S IS PR9T$ 9 ! SUBSCRIPT POSI;N4 UNSIGN$ OR NEGATIVE SIMPLE :OLE NUMB] SUBSCRIPTS >E WRITT5 9 ! L[] "P (! CELL )\T A NUM]AL SIGN1 & :5 S* 9DICES FOLL[ LRS1 CLOS+ BRACKETS OR ! 9TEGRAL SIGN ! SUBSCRIPT SIGN IS AL OMITT$2 EXCEPT = ^! 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SUP]SCRIPT OR SUBSCRIPT SIGNS Z REQUIR$1 REMEMB]+ T A SUP]SCRIPT OR SUBSCRIPT SIGN DOES N C.EL ! =CE (A PREC$+ S* SIGN1 B 9DICATES A DEEP] LEVEL4 ! ] 9DEX T]M9ATOR ONLY C.ELS #A LEVEL ( 9DEX,N1 I4E4 ! LA/ UNC.ELL$ SUP]SCRIPT OR SUBSCRIPT SIGN 7L[] NUMB]S ACT S Z 6C.EL IMMLY PREC$+ SUP]SCRIPT OR SUBSCRIPT SIGNS )\T A ] SIGN74 IF M ?AN "O LEVEL NE$S 6BE C.ELL$ AT A PO9T 9 AN EXPRES.N1 ! APPROPRIATE NUMB] ( ] SIGNS %D 2 US$4 EX#E4 X*A1 X*A2]Y X*A+2 7I4E4 ! :OLE T]M ;A+2 IS SUBSCRIPT 6;X,7 X*A+B #F1E4 9DICES #DC X+A*B 7;A*B IS SUP]SCRIPT TO ;X,7 X*A*B]]Y X+A*N]B+N]]Y 7;A*N]B+N IS SUP]SCRIPT 6;X,7 X*N]+2 #F1E4 9DICES 3SI/+ ( TWO OR M T]MS ETC4 : WD NORM,Y 2 SPAC$ 9 BRL 7SEE S'#C71 %D 2 UNIT$ 0OMITT+ ! SPACES 2T ^? T]MS 7IF N ALR UNIT$ 02+ 5CLOS$ 9 BRACKETS74 9 S* CASES1 A DOT #D SEP>ATOR %D 2 9S]T$ 2F SIGNS S* Z 3O 3I 35 \O \O7 = : AMBIGUITIES CD O!RWISE >ISE4 Z EXCEP;NS1 ! SIGN O7 &! SIGNS : >E NORM,Y SPAC$ 7E4G4 [ O,7 %D RETA9 _! 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ASSOCI,N = SCI;E $UC,N BOOKLET3 ..;SI UNITS1 SIGNS1 SYMBOLS & A2REVI,NS.' 7#AIHA74 O!R NON-;SI UNITS >E TAK5 F ..NU6IELD ADV.ED SCI;E BOOK ( DATA,' 7#AIHB747 ;SI UNITS "N SYMBOL "N SYMBOL METRE ;M C\LOMB ;,C KILOGRAM KG VOLT ;,V SECOND ;S OHM _W AMP]E ;,A SIEM5S ;,S KELV9 ;,K F>AD ;,F C&ELA CD WEB] ,WB MOLE MOL TESLA ;,T RADIAN RAD H5RY ;,H /]ADIAN SR LUM5 LM H]TZ ,HZ LUX LX NEWTON ;,N BECQU]EL ,BQ PASCAL ,PA GRAY ,GY J\LE ;,J SIEV]T ,SV WATT ;,W 111111111111 #AD4 UNITS4 TA#S #HF MULTIPLY+ PREFIXES ^! MAY 2 ATTA*$ 6ANY (! ABV UNITS4 7EXCEP;N,Y KG ALR HAS A PREFIX ATTA*$1 B O!R MULTIPLES E4G4 MG1 ;G1 >E =M$ 9 ! OBVI\S WAY47 SUB-MULTIPLE PREFIX SYMBOL #AJ+;-1 ''''' DECI '' D #AJ+;-2 ''''' C5TI '' C #AJ+;-3 ''''' MILLI M #AJ+;-6 ''''' MICRO .M #AJ+;-9 ''''' NANO '' N #AJ+;-12 '''' PICO '' P #AJ+;-15 '''' FEMTO F #AJ+;-18 '''' ATTO '' A MULTIPLE PREFIX SYMBOL #AJ+1 ''''''' DECA '' DA #AJ+2 ''''''' HECTO H #AJ+3 ''''''' KILO '' K #AJ+6 ''''''' MEGA '' ,M #AJ+9 ''''''' GIGA '' ,G #AJ+12 '''''' T]A ''' ,T #AJ+15 '''''' PETA '' ,P #AJ+18 '''''' EXA ''' ,E #AD4 UNITS4 TA#S #HG 7^! PREFIXES >E AL "S"TS US$ 2F UNITS 9 ! FOLL[+ TA#47 O!R NON-;SI UNIT SYMBOLS "N SYMBOL @ANG/R@OM '''''''' ^A A/RONOMICAL UNIT AU 7AL ,,AU7 ATMOSP"H ''''''''' ATM ATOMIC MASS UNIT ;U BIOT ''''''''''''' ,BI BRITI% !RMAL UNIT ,BTU CALORIE '''''''''' CAL CURIE '''''''''''' ,CI "D ''''''''''''''' ;D DEBYE '''''''''''' ;,D DECIBEL '''''''''' ;D,B DEGREE 7ANGUL>7 '' 0 7SUP]SCRIPT #J,7 DEGREE CELSIUS ''' 0,C 7OR DG,C7 DEGREE FAHR5HEIT 0,F 7OR DG,F7 DYNE ''''''''''''' DYN ELECTRONVOLT ''''' ;E,V FOOT ''''''''''''' FT 7AL A DA%7 FRANKL9 '''''''''' ,FR GALLON ''''''''''' GAL GAUSS '''''''''''' ;,G #AD4 UNITS4 TA#S #HH "N SYMBOL HECT>E 7#AJJ >ES7 HA HORSEP[] ''''''''' HP H\R '''''''''''''' ;H HUNDR$WEID '''''''''''''' YD YE> '''''''''''''' ;A 333333333333 #AE4 ALPHABETS US$ 9 MA!MATICS #IJ #AE4 ALPHABETS US$ 9 MA!MATICS ! GREEK ALPHABET ,7SMALL & CAPITAL LRS >E GIV5 RESPECTIVELY47' ALPHA '' .A _A NU ''''' .N _N BETA ''' .B _B XI ''''' .X _X GAMMA '' .G _G OMICRON .O _O DELTA '' .D _D PI ''''' .P _P EPSILON .E _E RHO '''' .R _R ZETA ''' .Z _Z SIGMA '' .S _S ETA '''' .: _: TAU '''' .T _T !TA '''' .? _? UPSILON .U _U IOTA ''' .I _I PHI '''' .F _F KAPPA '' .K _K *I ''''' .& _& LAMBDA .L _L PSI '''' .Y _Y MU ''''' .M _M OMEGA '' .W _W 111111111111 G]MAN 7GO?IC7 LRS >E COD$ US+ ! LAT9 LR EQUIVAL5TS GIV5 9 ! PR9T V].N ( ? CODE1 PREFIX$ 0A 7SMALL OR CAPITAL7 LR F.T SIGN F ^? GIV5 9 S'#B1B4 333333333333 #IA 9DEX 79CLUD+ 9DEX ( MA!MATICAL SIGNS7 ,7IN ! 9DEX1 MA!MATICAL SIGNS >E PREC$$ 0! FULL CELL = 6MAKE ! POSI;N (! DOTS CLE>3 X %D N 2 R1D Z 2+ "P (! SIGN4 REF];ES REF] 6SEC;NS & EXAMPLES EXCEPT ": /AT$ Z PAGE REF];ES4 NO REF];ES >E GIV5 ON SPAC+ = 9DIVIDUAL MA!MATICAL SIGNS3 = ? REF] 6! G5]AL 5TRY ON SPAC+ ( SIGNS47' ;A ACTU>IAL SYMBOL1 7YE>S7 =@? #F1B EX#B1 #F1F EX#AJ SUP]SCRIPT CIRCLE1 #F1G EX#AB ALEPH1 #B1B1H ALL1 = =\1 ALPHABETS1 #AE AMP]S& =@& & 7AMP]S&7 =@&,2 79V]T$ ;V SYMBOL7 =^8 ANGLE1 SYMBOL =_[ #F1I1A UNITS (1 #AD1E @ANG/R@OM UNIT =^A #AD1C 9DEX4 ANT-ARR #IB ANTILOG =$@L #G1A1 #G1A1A APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO =_7 >CCOS =$@C #G1A1 #G1A1A >CCOSEC =$@< #G1A1 #G1A1A >CCOSE* =$8< #G1A1 #G1A1A >CCO% =$8C #G1A1 #G1A1A >CCOT =$@\ #G1A1 #G1A1A >CCO? =$8\ #G1A1 #G1A1A >CSEC =$@- #G1A1 #G1A1A >CSE* =$8- #G1A1 #G1A1A >CS9 =$@S #G1A1 #G1A1A >CS9H =$8S #G1A1 #G1A1A >CTAN =$@T #G1A1 #G1A1A >CTANH =$8T #G1A1 #G1A1A >GU;T (A FUNC;N1 #H OMITT$1 #AB1D1 #AB1D1A >R[ D[N =35 LEFT =[3 D\# H1D$ =[[3 H1D AT EA* 5D ( %AFT =[3[ D\# %AFT$ =\[3 HALF =I3 9DICAT+ VECTOR =.[3 #F1H 9DEX4 ARR-AST #IC L;G =[33 LEFT_/"R =[3O D\# %AFT$ =\[3O "R =3O D\# H1D$ =3OO H1D AT EA* 5D ( %AFT =O3O D\# %AFT$ =\3O HALF1 L[] =39 UPP] =3E L;G ) %ORT LEFT HALF >R[ 2N =53EE %ORT ) L;G LEFT HALF >R[ 2N =553E ) LEFT HALF >R[ 2N =53E 9DICAT+ VECTOR =.3O #F1H L;G =33O ) %ORT LEFT >R[ 2N =53EE %ORT ) L;G LEFT >R[ 2N =553E ) LEFT >R[ 2N =53E ) V]TICAL B> ON %AFT =^3O UP =3I >R[S1 AF SUBSCRIPT SIGN1 #F1B AF SUP]SCRIPT SIGN1 #F1A A/]ISK3 SEE ./> 9DEX4 BAR-BRA #ID ;B B>1 HORIZONTAL 9DICAT+ NEGATIVE 9TEG] "P ( NUMB] =^ #B1A1D OV] T]M =: #F1I1 #F1I1B1 #F1AB SUBSCRIPT1 #B1B1E1 #F1I V]TICAL D\# =__ #B1B1A 7;D71 #B1B1C EX#AD S+LE =_ #B1B1A 7;D71 #B1B1C EX#AD 2C =@/ B9OMIAL COE6ICI5TS1 #AJ1G BOLD OR L>GE SYMBOLS 79DICAT$ BY =@,73 MODIFIC,N ( SIGNS 7;A7 BRACKETS1 #E ANGLE ,7LEFT & "R7' =.( =.) BRACE 7CURLY7 =[ =O #B1B1A 7;E71 #AJ1G EX#I DET]M9ANT =_ =_ #B1B1A 7;D71 #AJ1A 9S];N (1 #E1C1 #E1D1 #H1A1 #H1A1A1 #H1A1B1 #H1B1 #I1A1C = FRAC;NS1 #D1A = 9DICES1 #F1E1 #F1E1B1 #F1E1C1 9DEX4 BRA-COM #IE #F1F1A1 #F1I1B MATRIX == ==,1 =__ =__ #B1B1A 7;D71 #AJ1A MODULUS =_ =_ #B1B1A 7;D71 #B1B1C EX#AD1 #E1B NORM =__ =__ #B1B1A 7;D71 #B1B1C EX#AD R.D =< => SQU>E =( =) #B1B1A 7;F7 ;C C5TR$ H1D+S1 #AC1A C5T =@C #AD1C *EMICAL ELE;TS & =MULAE1 #B1D *RI/(FEL SYMBOLS1 #AJ1G CIRCLE SYMBOL =$3 Z AN OP]ATOR =\=,1 =\7 #AB1A 5CLOS+ A SYMBOL3 MODIFIC,N ( SIGNS 7;C7 COLOG =$^L #G1A COLON )9 MA!MATICAL EXPRES.N1 #C1D EX#D -MA1 9 NUMB]S 9DICAT+ ?\S&S1 ETC4 79DICAT$ BY =',7 #B1A1B1 #B1A1H 9DEX4 COM-D #IF OMIS.N (1 #B1A1H1 #F1E1B1 #I1A RET5;N (1 #B1A1H1 #I1A1 #I1A1B )9 MA!MATICAL EXPRES.N1 #A1B1 #F1B EX#B1 #F1E EX#F -;T1 ^WS (1 #AC1E 3TA9$ 9 =\[ OR EQUAL TO =\[7 3TA9S =\O OR EQUAL TO =\O7 COORD9ATES & SETS1 #I COPRODUCT =_V COSEC 7COSECANT7 =$< #G1A COSE* =$H< #G1A COS 7COS9E7 =$C #G1A CO% =$HC #G1A COT 7COTANG5T7 =$\ #G1A CO? =$H\ #G1A CROSS 7E4G4 MULTIPLIC,N SIGN7 =;8 CROSS$-\ SYMBOLS 79DICAT$ BY =",73 MODIFIC,N ( SIGNS 7;B7 Z]O 7EMPTY SET7 =\0 CURL OR ROT =$% ;D @D 7CURLY ;D71 #B1B1E 9DEX4 DAG-DIV #IG DA7] =@4 #F1I DA%1 HORIZONTAL B> REPRES5T+ A BLANK =-- #AB1D1A SUP]SCRIPT 7PRIME7 =@9 #B1B1C1 #F1I1 #F1I1C1 #F1AB SWUNG ="- SUP]SCRIPT1 SUBSCRIPT 7TILDE7 =^: #B1B1E1 #F1I DECIMAL PO9T =1 #B1A1A DECIMAL1 RECURR+ 79DICAT$ BY =",71 #B1A1C DEF9$ Z =;;7 DEGREE =0 #AD1E1 #AD1E1A1 #AD1E1B DEL 7NABLA7 =_0 #G1A EX#A D]IVATIVE1 #F1A EX#A1 #AB1C "PIAL1 #B1B1E EX#AE1 #F1A EX#A1 #AB1C DET]M9ANT3 SEE .BRACKETS2 .MATRICES DI6];E1 SET =\* DI6]5TIAL OP]ATORS1 #AB1C DIRAC 7PLANCK7 3/ANT1 #B1B1I DIV 7DIV]G;E7 =$? DIVID$ BY =;4,1 =_/ 7OBLIQUE /ROKE7 DIVIDES =_ 9DEX4 DIV-EUR #IH DIVI.N ( MA!MATICAL EXPRES.NS1 #A1C1 #B1A1E1 #F1E1C1 #I1A1C1 #I1B1 #AJ1F1 #AD1H DOLL> =4 #AD1C1 #AD1D DOT1 DI6]5TI,N =' #F1AJ D\# =- #F1AJ TRIPLE =-' #F1AJ 9DICAT+ POSI;N 9 MATRIX =' #AJ1C 9DICAT+ UNSPECIFI$ >GU;T =' #AB1D MULTIPLIC,N =;' "PIAL CORREL,N OR REGRES.N NOT,N =.' #F1C ;E ELE;T (1 IS =\9 ELLIPSIS =''' #AJ1C1 #AB1E EMPTY SET =\0 85D ( PRO(0 9DICATOR === EQUAL TO =;7 RELAT$ SIGNS 7SEE TA#7 ="-7 =.7 EQU,N NUMB]S1 #AC1B1 #AC1C1D NOTE EQU,NS1 SIMULTANE\S1 #AC1C1C ) OP;NS1 #AC1D EQUIVAL5T TO =77 EURO =@E #AD1C 9DEX4 EVA-HAT #II EVALUAT$ AT =_ EXI/S1 "! =\5 ;F FACTORIAL =,6 #C1E EX#E FOOT 7S+LE DA% UNIT SYMBOL7 =. #AD1E FRAC;N L9E =_/ #D )9 AN 9DEX1 #F1A EX#A )9 ! >GU;T (A FUNC;N1 #H1A1 #H1B FRAC;NS1 3T9U$1 #AB1B SIMPLE NUM]ICAL1 #B1A1H1 #B1A1I ;G G]MAN 7GO?IC7 ALPHABET1 #AE GRAD 7GRADI5T7 =$G GRT] ?AN =O M* GRT] ?AN =OO OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO =O_7 OR EQUAL TO =O7 OR LESS ?AN =O[ GREEK ALPHABET1 #AE D\# CAPITAL SIGN =,_ #B1B1C ;H HA% =_8 HAT =@: #F1I1 #F1I1A1 #F1I1B1 #F1I1C EX#AI & #BJ1 #F1AB 9DEX4 HYP-IND #AJJ HYP]BOLIC FUNC;NS1 #G1A 9V]SE #G1A1 #G1A1A1 #G1C SEQU;ES (1 #G1B HYPH51 LIT]>Y1 #A1B1 #B1A1F MA!MATICAL =" #A1C1 #B1A1E1 #I1B1 #AJ1G1 #AC1E1 #AD1H ;I 9* 7D\# DA% UNIT SYMBOL7 =_ #AD1E 9DICES1 #F1 #G1A1A1 #G1C >R[S1 #F1A1 #F1B1 #F1H DA%ES1 />S1 B>S1 ETC41 #F1I1 #F1I1A1 #F1I1B1 #F1I1C1 #AD1E DIRECTLY ABV 79DICAT$ BY =@+,71 #F1G DIRECTLY 2L 7IDICAT$ BY =@*,71 #F1G LEFT-H&1 #F1F1 #F1F1A MULTIPLE LEVELS1 #F1D MULTIPLE T]M1 OMIS.N ( SPACES IN1 #F1E1 #F1E1A1 #F1E1B1 #F1E1C PLUS & M9US SIGNS1 #F1AA SUBSCRIPT 79DICAT$ BY =*,7 #F1B1 #F1C SUP]SCRIPT 79DICAT$ BY =+,71 #F1A T]M9,N ( 79DICAT$ BY =],71 #F1A1 #F1B1 #F1D1 #F1E1A1 #F1F1 9DEX4 IND-LET #AJA #F1G1 #F1I1 #F1AJ1 #F1AA1 #I1A1B 9F9;Y == 9TEGRAL =! #F1B EX#B1 #F1I EX#AF & #AG1 #F1AB CLOS$ L9E =@! 9T]SEC;N =\8 9V]T$ ,A =\1 7= ALL7 HAT =@> =_D =_0 7DEL1 NABLA7 =_P =_V 7COPRODUCT7 ;V SYMBOL =^8 7&1 MEET1 VECTOR PRODUCT1 ETC47 ;J JO9 =^6 ;L L&AU ;,O,1 ;O NOT,N1 #AB1F LAY\T ( MA!MATICAL TEXT1 #A1 #AC LESS ?AN =[ M* LESS ?AN =[[ OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO =[_7 OR EQUAL TO =[7 LR F.T SIGNS1 #B1B1 #B1B1A-#B1B1B1 9DEX4 LET-MOD #AJB #B1B1D-#B1B1I1 #B1C1 #B1D1 #G1A1 #AD1B1 #AD1B1A1 #AD1B1B D\#1 #B1B1C LIMITS1 #F1E1B EX#H1 #G1A EX#A1 #G1B EX#B1 #G1C EX#C LOGICAL FIGURES1 #AA1C LOG 7LOG>I?M7 =$L #G1A ;M MATRICES1 #AJ BLANK 5TRIES IN1 #AJ1C DIVI.N (1 #AJ1F LAY\T ( TEXT1 #AJ1E L9E> REPRES5T,N ( 7US+ =\ SIGN71 #AJ1G "PI;NS IN1 #AJ1D MEET =^8 M9US =;- #E1C1 #F1AA M9US OR PLUS =;-6 M9UTE 7S+LE DA% UNIT SYMBOL7 =. #AD1E MOD1 #AB1G MODIFIC,N ( SIGNS1 P#BJ MODULUS B>S =_ =_ #B1B1A 7;D71 #B1B1C EX#AD1 #E1B 9DEX4 MUL-OR #AJC MULTIPLIC,N1 CROSS =;8 DOT OR SCAL> =;' VECTOR 79V]T$ ;V SYMBOL7 =^8 ;N NABLA =_0 #G1A EX#A NORM B>S =__ =__ #B1B1A 7;D71 #B1B1C EX#AD NORMAL SUBGR\P ( =\+ OR EQUAL TO =\+7 N =\- NULL SET =\0 NUMB]S1 #B1A DIVI.N (1 #B1A1E L[]1 #B1A1H1 #F1A1 #F1B1 #F1C MIX$1 #B1A1I ROMAN1 #B1C SIGN$1 #E1C NUM]AL SIGN =# #B1A OMIS.N (1 #B1A1G1 #AA1A ;O ;,O,1 ;O,3 SEE .L&AU .NOT,N OBLIQUE /ROKE =_/,3 SEE .FRAC;N .L9E OP],N SYMBOLS =\=,1 =\7 #AB1A OR 7;V SYMBOL7 =^6 9DEX4 PAR-REV #AJD ;P P>ALLEL TO =__ P]C5T SYMBOL =3P #AD1C P]MUT,N1 CYCLIC1 #AB1H EX#AA G5]AL1 #AB1H EX#AB P]P5DICUL> TO =#' PLUS =;6 #E1C1 #F1AA PLUS OR M9US =;6- P.D /]L+ =L #AD1C1 #AD1D PRIME3 SEE .DA% PROJECTIVE ) =^7 PROPOR;NAL TO =37 PUNCTU,N1 SEP>,N (1 #A1B SPAC+ (1 #C1D )9 MA!MATICAL EXPRES.NS3 SEE .COLON1 .-MA ;R RADIAN =- #AD1E RE/RICT$ TO =_ REV]S$ ,E =\5 7"! EXI/S7 =\+ =\U =\+7 =\U7 =\9 =\) 9DEX4 REV-SPA #AJE =_/ =\* =_3 =3L =_1 ="L ROOT =% #H1B EXPON5TS (1 #F1B1A ;S SEC 7SECANT7 =$- #G1A SE* =$H- #G1A SECOND 7D\# DA% UNIT SYMBOL7 =_ #AD1E SEP>ATOR1 DI6]5TIAL OP]ATOR =" #AB1C 9DEX =@ #F1A1 #F1B1 #F1E MA!MATICAL =, #A1B1 #AD1I UNIT =' #AD1G1 #AD1G1A SETS3 SEE .COORD9ATES .& .SETS S9 7S9E7 =$S #G1A S9CE =@/ S9H =$HS #G1A SQU>E1 SYMBOL =$Q #G1A 5CLOS+ A SYMBOL3 MODIFIC,N ( SIGNS 7;C7 SPAC+ ( SIGNS1 #C OMIS.N (1 #A1C 7;E71 #C1A1 #C1B1A 9 COORD9ATES & SETS1 #I1A1B1 #I1A1C 9DEX4 SPA-UNI #AJF 9 9DICES1 #F1E1 #F1E1A1 #F1E1C 9 MATRICES1 #AJ1B 9 "W$ CALCUL,NS1 #AA1B SPAC+ 9 PR9T ( >GU;T ( FUNC;NS1 #H1A1A SPECIAL FUNC;NS & O!R ^W SEG;TS1 #G CAPITAL 9ITIAL1 #G1D SEQU;ES (1 #G1B /> 7OP]ATOR7 =\=,1 =\7 #AB1A SUP]SCRIPT1 SUBSCRIPT =@5 #B1B1C1 #F1I1 #F1I1C1 #F1AB ;T TAN 7TANG5T7 =$T #G1A TANH =$HT #G1A TEMP]ATURE1 #AD1E1A1 #AD1E1B "!=E =,* !OREM1 IS A =_1 TILDE =^: #B1B1E1 #F1I1 #F1I1B1 #F1AB TRIANGLE SYMBOL =$D #G1A TRIGONOMETRIC FUNC;NS1 #G1A 9V]SE1 #G1A1 #G1A1A1 #G1C SEQU;ES (1 #G1B ;U UNION =\6 UNITS1 #AD 9DEX4 UNI-WOR #AJG -B9$1 #AD1G1 #AD1G1A ( ANGLE1 #AD1E1 #AD1E1A POSI;N (1 #AD1A SPAC+ (1 #AD1A TA#S MULTIPLY+ PREFIXES1 P#HF O!R NON-;SI UNIT SYMBOLS1 P#HG ;SI UNITS1 P#HE UNLI/$ SIGNS1 #A1D1 #B1B1D ;V VALID1 IS =_3 V>IES Z =37 VECTOR1 DIRECT$ L9E SEG;T1 #F1H VECTOR OR WAVE OP]ATOR 7REPRES5T$ 0A SQU>E SYMBOL7 =$Q ;W WEI]/RASS FUNC;N1 #B1B1H ^W SEG;T 9DICATOR =$ #G "W$ CALCUL,NS1 #AA1A1 #AA1B 333333333333 ! 5D